List of vacuum tube computers

Vacuum tube computers are programmable computers using vacuum tube logic circuitry. They were preceded by systems using electromechanical relays and followed by systems built from discrete transistors. Later entries in this list may have been built using transistors in addition to vacuum tubes.

This is a list of vacuum tube computers, arranged by date put into service:

Computer	Date	Notes
Atanasoff–Berry Computer	1942	Not programmable
Colossus	1943	First programmable computer. Special purpose: cryptanalysis. Used to break the German Lorenz cipher. Working replica domonstrated daily at TNMOC, Bletchley Park.
ENIAC	1946
IBM SSEC	1948
IBM 604	1948
Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine ("The Baby")	1948	First stored program computer. Working replica demonstrated daily in Manchester Museum of Science and Industry
IBM CPC	1949
Manchester Mark 1	1949
CSIRAC	1949
EDSAC	1949	First to provide a computing service for users. Working replica currently being built at Bletchley Park. Scheduled to go live in 2015.
BINAC	1949
SEAC	1950
SWAC	1950
Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer	1950
Harvard Mark III	1950
Pilot ACE	1950	Designed by Alan Turing
Ferranti Mark 1	1951
EDVAC	1951
Harwell Dekatron Computer	1951	Now officially the oldest original working computer in the world. Demonstrated daily at TNMOC, Bletchley Park.
Whirlwind	1951
UNIVAC I	1951
ORDVAC	1951
LEO I	1951	First computer for commercial applications. Built by J. Lyons and Co. restaurant and bakery chain. Based on EDSAC design.
Remington Rand 409	1952
Harvard Mark IV	1952
IAS machine	1952
ILLIAC I	1952
MANIAC I	1952
IBM 701	1952
BESM-1, BESM-2	1952
JOHNNIAC	1953
IBM 702	1953
UNIVAC 1103	1953
RAYDAC	1953
Strela computer	1953
IBM 650	1954
IBM 704	1954
IBM 705	1954
BESK	1954
IBM NORC	1954
UNIVAC 1102	1954
DYSEAC	1954
CALDIC	1955
English Electric DEUCE	1955
ICT 1200 series	1955
WEIZAC	1955
IBM 305 RAMAC	1956
Bull Gamma 3	1956
Bendix G-15	1956
LGP-30	1956
UNIVAC 1103A	1956
FUJIC	1956
Ferranti Pegasus	1956
SILLIAC	1956
RCA BIZMAC	1956
Zuse Z22	1957
DASK	1957
Stantec Zebra	1957
UNIVAC 1104	1957
Ferranti Mercury	1957
IBM 610	1957
FACIT EDB 2	1957
MANIAC II	1957
MISTIC	1957
MUSASINO-1	1957
EDSAC 2	1958	First computer to have a microprogrammed control unit and a bit slice hardware architecture.
IBM 709	1958
UNIVAC II	1958
UNIVAC 1105	1958
AN/FSQ-7	1958	Largest vacuum tube computer ever built. 52 were built for Project SAGE.
Ural series	1959–1964	Ural-1 to Ural-4.
Ferranti Perseus	1958
France SEA CAB 303	1958
TIFRAC	1960
CER-10	1960
Philips Pascal	1960
Sumlock ANITA calculator	1961	Desktop calculator
UMC-1	1962

See also